Customization GR1/GR2 Titanium Bipolar Plates for PEM Electrolyzer

Customization GR1/GR2 Titanium Bipolar Plates for PEM Electrolyzer

Product Name: Bipolar Plate
Application: Hydrogen production via water electrolysis, new energy batteries, hydrogen-generating fuel cells
Material: Titanium, Stainless Steel, Copper, Nickel
Titanium Purity: 99.7%
Grade: GR1 / GR2
Specification: Custom according to drawings
Processing Method: CNC / Etching

1. Production Process of Titanium Bipolar Plates

Titanium bipolar plates are essential components in PEM fuel cells and PEM water electrolyzers. They are responsible for distributing gases/liquids, conducting electricity, and supporting the membrane-electrode assembly. The production process involves several key steps:

1.1. Raw Material Selection

• Material: Commercially pure titanium (e.g., Grade 1 or Grade 2) or titanium alloys.

• Thickness: Typically ranges from 0.1 mm to 1 mm depending on application.

1.2. Surface Pretreatment

• Pickling: Removes surface oxide layers and contaminants.

• Sandblasting or Mechanical Polishing: Enhances surface roughness for better coating adhesion.

1.3. Flow Field Forming

Flow channels are designed to manage the flow of gases or liquids. Common forming methods include:

(a) Stamping

• High-speed forming using precision dies.

• Suitable for mass production.

• Requires durable and high-cost molds.

(b) Roll Forming

• Continuous production technique.

• Used for simpler or straight channel patterns.

(c) Chemical Etching

• Precise patterning via photolithography and acid etching.

• Best for complex or fine structures.

• Higher cost and involves chemical waste management.

(d) Laser or EDM Machining

• High-precision techniques suitable for R&D or small batches.

• Enables very fine and custom flow field structures.

1.4. Welding (For Assembly)

Two patterned titanium sheets may be joined to create a sealed bipolar plate:

• Laser Welding or Diffusion Bonding: Ensures high sealing performance and structural integrity.

1.5. Surface Coating Treatment

Titanium tends to form a non-conductive oxide layer (TiO₂), which affects electrical performance. Surface coatings are applied to improve conductivity and corrosion resistance.

Typical Coating Types:

• Carbon-based Coatings: Graphene, carbon nanotubes.

• Noble Metals: Platinum or gold (excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, but costly).

• Conductive Ceramics: Titanium nitride (TiN), niobium nitride (NbN).

1.6. Quality Testing

• Gas Tightness Test: To ensure sealing.

• Electrical Conductivity Test

• Corrosion Resistance Testing

• Dimensional Accuracy Inspection

2. Applications of Titanium Bipolar Plates

Titanium bipolar plates are used in various electrochemical systems, including:

2.1. Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE)

• Harsh acidic environment and high voltage conditions.

• Titanium offers excellent corrosion resistance and durability.

2.2. PEM Fuel Cells (PEMFC)

• Lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties are ideal for portable, automotive, and aerospace applications.

2.3. Electrolytic Cells

• Used in chemical processing, water treatment, and green hydrogen production.

3. Advantages of Titanium Bipolar Plates

4. Challenges

While titanium bipolar plates have many advantages, some challenges include:

• High Material Cost: Titanium and its coatings are expensive.

• Processing Difficulty: Titanium is harder to form and machine than steel.

• Surface Conductivity Needs Optimization: Natural oxide layer requires effective surface treatment to maintain conductivity.